Art Is Any Good - 2850 Words

Art unquestionably possesses the power to shock. During the entire course of history viewers have been shocked, distressed, affronted, and categorically outraged by artworks that were religiously, socially or politically thought-provoking. In general, this thought-provoking characteristic is precisely what artists are attempting to achieve in their desire to shock, and this, many would argue, is exactly the purpose of art itself, especially in our contemporary world. Indeed, when engaging with the art of today, the contemporary audience have found themselves compelled to circumnavigate the usual questions such as whether the work is beautiful or aesthetically pleasing or even whether the work of art is any good (Archer, 1997: 3-5). Rather†¦show more content†¦In the process we shall examine the importance of art and the role it plays in society, the factors that make something a work of art and who decides or should decide what a work of art means or signifies; is it the art ist, the audience, the critic or perhaps even history itself? According to Renato Poggioli writing in his The Theory of the Avant-Garde of 1962, â€Å"Like any artistic tradition, no matter how anti-traditional it may be, the avant-garde also has its conventions† (1981: 63). For the most part, such conventions have involved the desire to offend and shock and the methods for achieving such a desire have involved the attempts to ‘transgress boundaries’. Indeed, over the past few decades, ‘being shocking’ has become among the most valued quality of artworks according to both collectors and critics of the visual arts (Harris, 2001). Thus we have witnessed artworks containing a plethora of strange elements such as plastic figures with penises for noses and additions of rotting meat while many themes and techniques have focused on self-exposure, sex and drugs and even bodily mutation. The point, most practicing artists would tell us, is to find a means of disturbing â€Å"smug, complacent and hypocritical† peop le (Rawden-Wilson, 2002: 27). In fact, for many commentators, the greatest outrage of the past century was witnessed at the now infamous exhibition held at the Brooklyn

Oppression Of Women In Bessie Heads The Collector Of...

Despite the seemingly absolute oppression of women by men in the Botswana culture depicted in Bessie Head’s â€Å"The Collector of Treasures,† Kenalepe, a female character, exposes the inadequacy of the oppression mechanism as a means to completely oppress women when she circumvents this complex when she attempts to lend her husband, Paul, to her friend Dikeledi for sexual favors. However, the text argues that this maneuvering around the system in order to achieve a level of power can only be achieved when women emulate male societal roles. This loophole to attain agency, which contradicts the societal norms, undermines the success of the overall mechanism of oppression of women since Kenalepe is able to take on a role that mirrors that of a†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the shock of the situation hinges on the fact that Kenalepe is the one doing this loaning, emulating a male pimp offering off his prostitutes. By offering her husband, it can be inferred that she controls some ownership over Paul because she is able to make the offer without consulting him. In this supposed ownership of her husband, Kenalepe uses a similar tool that men use in order to oppress women when she reduces him to a form of property. Here, she takes on a role that would traditionally be taken on by a man in order to assume a degree of power to help out her friend’s sexual needs. Although one may argue that it will ultimately be Paul’s decision to agree to the proposal, just the fact that Kenalepe takes the step to make the proposal in the first place reveals a strive on her part to take on power, especially since she does so by acting as a male would in the situation. In this example, the text lays the groundwork for arguing that the only way for Kenalepe to gain a form of power is by taking on a male role when she assumes ownership of her husband. After Kenalepe makes the offer, her demanding tone and relentless speaking silences Dikeledi’ s own feelings on the proposal in a similar fashion to how a male would impose his opinion over a woman’s opinion. As she tells her friend about the offer, Kenalepe does not give Dikeledi a chance to

Essay Freedom Of Religion By Annie Laurie Gaylor Example For Students

Essay Freedom Of Religion By Annie Laurie Gaylor Americas freedom of religion is being questioned! People have many different religions and opinions, But some opinions are encouraged to stay quiet. Most people choose to stay quiet about It so they do not cause problems with the government or people who are uncomfortable with religion and worship. While many people believe it’s okay to have freedom of religion others feel that worshiping freely is wrong because it is not something they can control. Freedom of religion should be allowed in the united states.People have fought and even died so others can have freedom and yet Americans sit by and choose not to take it. This is the kind of thanks given to the people who worked so hard to give the rights we have today. Americans also have amendments that give the freedom to worship, or to speak freely. In the brochure â€Å"The Case Against School Prayer† by Annie Laurie Gaylor asks if children should pray in school or if they are allowed to pray in school, or if they have to freedom to pray in school. Children praying in school is the first step in religious freedom. In this brochure she brings in the pledge that is said every morning in so many schools around the world. So stop and think how many children or even the teachers understand what the pledge really means. The part that she finds to be the most important and chooses to focus on would be, â€Å"one nation under God, indivisible with liberty and justice for all.â⠂¬  She uses this because God’s name is said and this makes some people uncomfortable, this shows the faith America was built on. People bring up the fact that school is for learning math and reading, not for ten year olds to pray. However, people cannot say anything against individual prayer because this is the right to worship and pray as needed by Americans. If children, or anyone else, want to pray no one can say anything or tell the people they cannot pray or worship because that is a right we have as Americans. The supreme court struck down religious instruction for the fear of losing control of the people. Weather or not they take away religious freedom is something else. So the pledge is not only a powerful statement, that speaks a lot of truth, but it’s something should be lived by. Looking at another source â€Å"The ACLU Freedom Of Religion† one will see the author says â€Å"Students may choose religious themes for school projects, and ACLU has protected their rights to do so.† This shows that the children may choose something that has to do with religion if they want to. Two different sources of evidence have shown us that even in the schools’ freedom is being tested and pushed to see how far the amendments will be allowed to be pushed. Looking at the article â€Å"What Religious Freedom Means† There is a moral standpoint of freedom, looking at the quote, â€Å"We claim the privilege of worshiping the almighty God.† Americans should be standi ng up for what they believe in. If it can claim to worship God people should act humble in worship him and take pride in worshiping the Almighty God (Weissman). Freedom of religion should be kept to a minimum if any. Looking again at the article â€Å"The Case Against School Prayer† seeing the point of view of others one can see them saying, â€Å"If we don t deal with the economic issues we will need more that prayer to solve our problems.† showing more is needed than just blind faith to fix the problems that are in America. To fix some of the problems in America, they need something that can be seen and trusted in. This was a smart comment from someone who is trying to show America how to take control of their own problems instead of trying to leave it to someone or something else. .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 , .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 .postImageUrl , .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 , .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0:hover , .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0:visited , .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0:active { border:0!important; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0:active , .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0 .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a1dd7d3c5a9859122d911390c0727d0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Is The Greek Idea of a Sound EssayThe same source also shows, â€Å"Its not our business to have the protestant bible or the catholic Vulgate or the Talmud read in these schools.† Children have no right to have the bible in the schools’ so they can confuse other children who are trying to focus on their studies. Why should all religions be forced on young children if other people do not understand what religion is themselves. this is against the freedom of catholic beliefs having their â€Å"Bible† in the school, this goes for many religions. If America lets one religion have a say everyone gets a say which results in an unorganized mess. The sourc e â€Å"Is Religious Freedom At The Tipping Point?† Has it all in the title. This states â€Å"Is a right not to be compelled to speak or act as thought what one knows to be true.† If everyone gets a say so how will that reflect on people who don t say anything? people will be forced to have an opinion on something that is not cared about. Giving a right to speak but compelling us to speak about what they want is what the people of â€Å"religion† are trying to do. We also have the right to not say anything about religious freedom, people can stand by and tell the â€Å"religious† people that some have no opinion.But where is the freedom in that (Gaylor)? Now there is a limit on the freedom of religion as well as the freedom of speech. People can no longer speak freely about the God we serve or gods. We look at â€Å"Is Religious Freedom At The Tipping Point?† and see that in this article by Matthew Franck shows points that Religious Freedom has come under pressure. â€Å"We can not give the state power over the conscience of men and women, because we do not ourselves have any right to come between God and our fellow citizens.† Says Matthew Franck himself. However the supreme court has found many ways to change the documents and rules so everyone is happy even if that means pushing the truth every now and then. The Government cares about the shared moral happiness of the people more than the religious morals of Christians. When all the government is on the same page the sooner it may begin to recover a healthy nation of religious freedom and have fewer problems. America need religious freedom and the state feels like by giving that to America it is taking away some of the power they have over America. If this is looked at from a social point of view it can refer all this to a quote from the article â€Å"The ACLU And Freedom Of Religion† which states â€Å"Children are free to pray in public schools either as individuals or in groups.† Because it protects the freedom of praying in schools and in any public places. Religious freedom is a choice us as americans should have. This article by Jordan Weissmann points out facts from different religions and beliefs. Religious freedom allows everyone to express and act on what they believe in. Around the world however laws are being put in motion about the way people in different countries can worship. Different people and the people of the governments make that choice so Americans don t have the freedom they should get, and they let them do it, The government takes the rights and do wi th them what they want so Americans don t have to deal with the problems that come along with freedom.This is why people should stand up for our religious organizations and the freedom of religion in society. But there is much good that church members and people of God can do to strengthen religious freedom, by showing what its like to stand up and fight for what people believe in (Gunn). .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 , .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 .postImageUrl , .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 , .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8:hover , .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8:visited , .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8:active { border:0!important; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8:active , .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8 .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0d34ae45159fdfb1d2ddbc489b5303c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creative Writing: A Dream Come True EssayFreedom of religion is a right everyone has and everyone should be thankful for. This is said best in the article Because Freedom Can† by Alice Wagstaff, who points out the rights of the first amendment and which is protected by the ACLU. Being able to worship is not something we should â€Å"earn†, it’s something Americans deserve! The right to worship in churches, homes, and even in the stores where everyone buys food or clothes is what we as Americans deserve to do. it is not a privilege it is a right, this is something that is looked at when someone says â€Å"being an American† comes into a conversati on. Everyone, if it is known or not, has a belief or an opinion, if they want one or not and people always state their opinion. Americans also have a right to show what one believes or to show the opinion. Also if they know it or not the show their opinions in their everyday life, just walking down the street many people can see what kind of person they are. So many have fought, risked their lives, and even have died so we can have our freedom and the future could be brighter for their children. People should be thankful for the ones who sacrificed so we can choose how to worship. To take away the freedom to worship is disrespect to who fought to get it. Lets take a stand and use the rights that were given to worship how it is felt needed to. And if the government thanks it will be easy to just take the religious freedom away showing them that America needs religion in our lives to help express what people feel (Wagstaff).

Spirituality In Hip Hop Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Spiritualty In Hip Hop Essay, Research Paper Spiritualty in Hip-Hop Many people view hip-hop from merely a commercial point of view. This would coerce them to believe that since mainstream blame is riddled with mentions to force, sex, and money, that there is a deficiency of fear or recognition for God. This job is remedied, nevertheless, if one looks deeper into the beginnings of hip-hop. Mainstream music is the sub-genre of blame in which the consumers most readily purchase. For blame, the thoughts that sell the easiest are these sex and money-filled vocals which have no lyrical value and are truly merely enjoyed because of the good production and beats behind the vocal. I am an devouring lover of hip-hop, and my connexion with this type of music extends into the resistance, where I have gained a huge cognition about the remainder of the universe and thoughts, most of which would hold been hidden to me if I had non encountered this type of music. We will write a custom essay sample on Spirituality In Hip Hop Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Underground hip-hop is more likely to incorporate a deeper message because the creative person, on mean, puts more attempt upon lyrical content than commercial rappers. This is because they are more concerned with maintaining their wordss existent and respect their music as more of an artform, contrasted with the mainstream artists focal point on doing money. Two vocals I chose which someway relate to my ain divinity are Divine Disappointment by Alias, a member of the independent group Anticon, and Next Testament by Sage Francis, a Rhode Island indigen, and besides the singer in the unrecorded set, Art Official Intelligence. Before I delve into these vocals, I feel it is necessary to give a brief profile of these two creative persons. Alias, as I already mentioned, is a member of Anticon. This is an alone group, dwelling of more than 10 members, many of which have solo and other group undertakings on the side. Many of the members of this group are poets, and their plants frequently reflect this side of them. By this I mean that many of the vocals produced by creative persons in Anticon can non be deciphered really easy. They require a great trade of idea and contemplation to be able to understand the message the work was seeking to expose. Sole, the lead member of Anticon, along with Sage Francis, are distinguished of poesy sweep competitions countrywide. In fact, Sage merely won the Providence Poetry Slam held on March 1st and will vie in the subjects in Seattle. The point I am seeking to do is that their engagement with poesy allows for a deeper signifier of hip-hop to be expressed through their music. This is precisely what I enjoy listening to and why I appreciate the graphics of belowground artists vastly. The vocal Divine Disappointment by Alias is a vocal that is dejecting and pessimistic, but I feel as though it still offers a great trade of wisdom to the audience. In this vocal, Alias speaks from the point of view of God. Actually, it is his point of view of what he believes God to be believing. Even though I do non hold with much of the positions of Alias in this vocal, I think it is a great work, and I have learned more about others positions about God, and even furthered my ain spiritualty, by listening to this vocal. I see a batch of choler in the vocal, and I have ground to believe, based on lifes I have read on the cyberspace, that Alias had a tough childhood. Thus, I believe many of his dreams of what God truly was became tattered when something bad happened and he could non happen a sensible account as for why these events occurred. Knowing this background information, I can sympathise and understand how Alias feels and how he wrote and Sung what he did, even though I do non needfully hold with some of the things he says. Some things in the vocal Divine Disappointment I can hold with, nevertheless. For illustration, in the first stanza, Alias says, My defeat aimed at what I created has me experiencing discombobulated. Although this puts a human inclination on God by showing a human emotion ( defeat ) , I can visualise God agitating His caput in incredulity of what his kids are making. The universe today is filled with hatred and force, and someway I can see God inquiring what precisely went incorrect, even though I know to the full good that what went incorrect was that we are responsible for conveying wickedness into our ain lives. It was non anything that He did which caused our present status, but instead we are to fault. It is sort of hard for me to explicate because although I know one manner is the right manner to see this job, I besides find myself sing it from the position exemplified in Alias work. Besides in the first poetry, I agree with the pair, They seem to believe that I # 8217 ; m forgiving of all/which agencies they have a whipping boy, if they happen to drop the ball. I can even associate to this personally. I know sometimes we tend to play things off by believing our wickednesss will be forgiven anyhow, so we might every bit good perpetrate the wickedness. I understand that although God is forgiving of everyone, we should still endeavor to be free of wickedness, but I do see people taking advantage of God s kindness. The 2nd poetry of this vocal is awfully pessimistic. It fundamentally says that God can non command everything. Hence, He is stating that He is non all that we made Him out to be. In the terminal he erupts and says that he regrets doing Man, but there is nil He can do about it, because He is non powerful plenty to turn back the custodies of clip. In this poetry, Alias is doing God look more of a human-like being instead than an omnipotent, cosmopolitan one. Throughout the vocal, Alias makes many misanthropic statements, such as, they [ worlds ] do non count in my eyes, undertaking gone awfully incorrect, and, you say that you cognize me/but you truly wear t. All of these statements give the audience the feeling that the writer positions God as something which is non able to command fate, and does non hold the power to assist. I think many people today have this position. They view God as person who created the universe and so left it entirely. That is, He does non step in in any Earthly fortunes. Although I do non hold with this type of divinity, I feel as though it has helped to break my ain apprehension of God because it has strengthened my ain beliefs, even after I have seen obliging statements of the other cabal. In all, I believe that the vocal Divine Disappointment by Alias is a fantastic vocal. Although I do experience sorry for the writer because I believe he is confused in many countries, I am glad that he does non deny God s being, and hope that he will one twenty-four hours be able to see through the choler with which he is filled. Possibly I may be wholly losing the boat upon this vocal, and possibly Alias does non believe this at all but is merely showing the audience with a controversial subject, but I will neer cognize what he was genuinely believing when he wrote this vocal. All I can make is be grateful that I gained what I did from hearing this great artistic piece. One more vocal I would wish to turn to is that of, Following Testament by Sage Francis. Sage is one of the most superb writers/emcees/performers I have of all time been in company with. He is able to compose on such a broad array of subjects and remain focussed throughout the whole work. The vocal Following Testament is a announcement of what Sage has encountered on his battle for spiritualty in his life. Basically, the vocal is a narrative about him run intoing a adult male who tries to enforce beliefs on him by passing him a Bible. After a long battle and statement, Sage comes to the realisation that there is a God. However, the narrative is non every bit simple as that. Sage still has some uncertainties about God, and nil will of all time be for certain. I think the best quotation mark from this vocal is when Sage says, I said, # 8220 ; WHAT! # 8221 ; Snatched the book in hopes of happening a myth # 8230 ; This shows that the writer was persistent in desiring to happen something incorrect with philosophy. I used to happen myself making this a few old ages ago. I would reason every small affair merely seeking to turn out the Bible incorrect. While making this, I missed the large image. I was excessively focused on the actual interlingual renditions that I missed the hidden messages which were lying belief the narratives. I feel as though Sage Francis was making the same thing, which is sort of why I feel this vocal, good at least a portion of it, related to me personally. I think another great line is when the adult male with the Bible says that Jesus is non dead and Sage responds with, # 8220 ; He faked his decease? # 8221 ; Then the vocal goes on to state, I watched my adult male take a breath as if he had no more forbearance left. This shows that Sage had missed the apprehension of what the adult male with the Bible was seeking to convey. Although the physical organic structure of Jesus had died, his ageless nature was ever-present around us, and hence he was non genuinely dead. But Sage, as I used to be, looked at this merely in the realistic point of position, and did non understand the world of a psyche. Again with Following Testament, I do non hold wholly with what he is stating. I do believe that the Bible is instrumental in assisting us happen out ain spiritualty within, whereas Sage disagrees. At the terminal of the vocal, Sage says, I found him y # 8217 ; all look within yourself and pass over them books off your shelf. I took this to intend that he felt as though the Bible did non make anything for him and that he found God on his ain # 8211 ; he did non necessitate anyone s aid. I was non wholly certain if this was his purpose because I know, through his other work, that nil he says can be taken for granted as holding it s actual significance. Therefor vitamin E, I asked him online if I was right in my premise. He responded by stating, yeah. I didn # 8217 ; t necessitate other people # 8217 ; s philosophies in order for me to acquire in touch with a higher power # 8230 ; I found God from within. I am non precisely certain what to do of this statement. I want to commend him on happening God without the aid of the Church or other organisations, because to me that seems about impossible. But I besides want to pray for him in hopes that he will recognize that philosophies are indispensable to constructing a healthier relationship with God. Overall, I think Following Testament is another great vocal by a genuinely inspiring creative person. I can understand why Sage Francis thinks that he does non necessitate person or some organisation to state him what to believe because I one time had the same point of view. But at the same clip, I hope that he will go on even further on in this procedure of developing his ain spiritualty which involves taking the Church into his life. I think it is reasonably obvious why I like belowground hip hop music much more than mainstream. I am able to acquire more out of belowground vocals than I am able to listening to wireless Stationss like HOT 106. These two vocals are both great illustrations of such music. They express my ain divinity to a certain extent, and have helped me to understand what other people s positions about God and life in general is like. # 8220 ; Divine Disappointment # 8221 ; Alias # 8220 ; Eden of saps # 8221 ; gt ; My defeat aimed at what I created has me experiencing discombobulated. I hated the ennui and so I reinstated amusement for my wellbeing now it seems I made the incorrect determination. My undertaking had appeared easy but had no way in preciseness. Beginner # 8217 ; s luck? Merely up to recent times do I experience stuck. I # 8217 ; m the lone one to fault for things that ran amok. I built up, a existence that is now constructing me you see. Technological promotion which is the Godhead now and all things to be decided when they have non even one time touched my custodies. My quote unquote followings still invariably make full the bases on the alleged Sabbath twenty-four hours. For old ages it # 8217 ; s been this manner but these people can # 8217 ; t calculate out whether it # 8217 ; s the first or last twenty-four hours to pray. They seem to believe that I # 8217 ; m forgiving of all which means they have a whipping boy, if they happen to drop the ball. I # 8217 ; ve been coined assorted names none of which to me are blandishing. They look to me for a counsel but to me they do non count. In my eyes there # 8217 ; s nil I can make to assist this state of affairs when they have internal struggles with their whole fold. They gather every hebdomad and speak of me in vocal # 8211 ; these existences I created in this undertaking gone awfully incorrect. You all claim that you know me but you truly wear # 8217 ; T of all time forgiving and you say of me in world I truly won # 8217 ; T. From the twenty-four hours I gave you life to your last anointing you have all been nil but godly letdown. You all claim that you know me but you truly wear # 8217 ; T of all time forgiving and you say of me in world I truly won # 8217 ; T. From the twenty-four hours I gave you life to your last anointing you have all been nil but godly letdown. So I # 8217 ; m now stuck to calculate out what to really make at this point in clip. These animals think that there # 8217 ; s an hereafter but they spend their whole life benign. They killed another animal old ages ago that claimed to be my boy so now they mold their lives after him and claim that He # 8217 ; s the One. The One that will salvage them, take them to a new breath. I hate to interrupt it to them: # 8220 ; I have nil for you after death. # 8221 ; So transport on if you wish unknowing believing breath is wind blowing amplifying visible radiation bulb is the Sun and cryings of rivers fluxing. Think that every bad thing that happens to you is at my will like bankruptcy, criminal conversation, and the ground why others kill. Travel on to be mislead as you have your full life believe that all somehow I # 8217 ; ll honor you for all your hurting and discord. # 8220 ; I can # 8217 ; t command destiny # 8221 ; where # 8217 ; d you come up with that impression? # 8220 ; There # 8217 ; s no remedy for AIDS # 8221 ; so don # 8217 ; t even bother with that potion. I didn # 8217 ; t make the disease to penalize others I didn # 8217 ; t even do it so if you have that frame of head you go in front and interrupt it. I # 8217 ; m ill and tired of experiencing duty for all of you ungratefuls # 8211 ; unwilling to portion with the hungering while you enjoy all of your platefuls. Even if I had the power to assist you I wouldn # 8217 ; t even bother so stop thought that I love you and halt naming me your male parent. I didn # 8217 ; t program on you germinating into this muss with which I deal inquiring for my forgiveness when you lie, darnel, and bargain. What the snake pit do you desire me to make? Try and salvage yourself. I cant assist your matrimony, your kids or position of wellness. My job # 8217 ; s far off, any of your alleged desolations like this oncoming war between the alleged United Nations. I regret doing all of you # 8211 ; you make my blood force per unit area ascent. I wish I didn # 8217 ; t do you but even I can # 8217 ; t turn back the custodies of clip. You all claim that you know me but you truly wear # 8217 ; T of all time forgiving and you say of me in world I truly won # 8217 ; T. From the twenty-four hours I gave you life to your last anointing you have all been nil but godly letdown. You all claim that you know me but you truly wear # 8217 ; T of all time forgiving and you say of me in world I truly won # 8217 ; T. From the twenty-four hours I gave you life to your last anointing you have all been nil but godly letdown. # 8220 ; Eden of saps # 8221 ; gt ; Following Testament by Sage Francis # 8220 ; Find God! # 8221 ; said the adult male, who lost everything he owned, looking stoned I groaned back, # 8220 ; Find a occupation here # 8217 ; s an application. # 8221 ; Retaliation: # 8220 ; Here # 8217 ; s a pamphlet. # 8221 ; I said, # 8220 ; F # 8230 ; this darn shit. # 8221 ; My adult male flipped and threw his manus into his pocket. Pulled out a bible with a design that looked tribal The Following Testament was its rubric # 8220 ; Look it over. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; A book? Nosuh what the snake pit does this got to offer? # 8221 ; A little mirror on the underside labeled # 8220 ; writer # 8221 ; that s excessively impersonal Irreversible actions leave our head scarred looking for the replies. # 8220 ; Find God! # 8221 ; he said once more. But I m a veteran cognizing that you are no better than or worse than. Compare my last enemy to my first friend. This rotter gave me his shirt s pen # 8220 ; What the heck? You re straight up buggin, believing that I m gon na compose you out a check. # 8221 ; He said, # 8220 ; What? # 8221 ; I said, # 8220 ; WHAT! # 8221 ; Snatched the book in hopes of happening a myth. Lifted up the forepart screen broke the binding. # 8220 ; I bring peace, love felicity and integrity! # 8221 ; Normally I blow it off, but I said, # 8220 ; That ain t what you do to me. What you do to me is conveying hurting, hatred, ignorance, and false options to my community. # 8221 ; He sat back and thought it over. With a expression that s kind of sober He stared me in the oculus and said I don t prevarication ( Figure it out. Me or him? Him or me? ) Now we begin to dispute over what s historical but that s immoral oppugning the prophet s beginning. We re born through wickedness. # 8220 ; You need to salvage yourself, # 8221 ; he said. # 8220 ; But Jesus died for our sins. # 8221 ; He said, # 8220 ; He ain t dead. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; He faked his decease? # 8221 ; I watched my adult male take a breath as if he had no more forbearance left. Then he embraced his thorax. Looked as if the Holy Spirit was about to attest itself. Mental wellness is what he lacked. I should hold known this. Without God, when we die every Tellurian is stateless. I couldn t expression. Tried to give him back his book. As he shook. But it was stuck to my manus What the degree Fahrenheit God darn Embellished in wickedness and with a diabolic smile This inhabitant could state that I was selfish within He started talking in linguas that I m unfamiliar with. I held the pen like a knife and threatened, # 8220 ; I kill your myth! # 8221 ; Civilians drift into a province of violent choler. I can state when I m in danger so I stopped to take a breathing place. # 8220 ; Listen, I m a non-believer with no religion, and I don t want none either it s clip for me to go forth ya take your book, I ain t no crook. # 8221 ; He said, # 8220 ; It s yours like the universe read it good at that place s directions. # 8221 ; I flipped through the pages, but they were clean no misrepresentations. He mentioned, # 8220 ; Look deeper. You ll see it says more than you could portion. I asked, # 8220 ; Where? # 8221 ; He replies, # 8220 ; That s what the pen s for. # 8221 ; I found him y # 8217 ; all look within yourself and pass over them books off your shelf Yes I found him y # 8217 ; all, y # 8217 ; all look within yourself and pass over them books off your shelf, away your shelf Yes I found him y # 8217 ; all, y # 8217 ; all, y # 8217 ; all look within yourself and pass over them goddam books off the shelf and pass over them goddam books off the shelf and pass over them goddam books off the shelf gt ; When person goes into that chapel and they fall on their articulatio genuss sorrowing and praying excessively # 8230 ; ..Go in front and read your bible # 8230 ; ..You go in your church # 8230 ; .With any luck u might win the one-year raffle but if your looking for God # 8230 ; # 8230 ; You # 8217 ; re inquiring if I have a God composite? # 8230 ; . Lem me state u something, I am God. 336

heart of darkness essays

heart of darkness essays Good and Evil: Fight to the Finish William's Lord of the Flies, (1954) an Conrad's Heart of Darkness, (1902) there are affective comparisons and contrasts between the protagonist and the antagonist. Even though the protagonist and the antagonist have the same intentions, they have different motives. In Heart of Darkness, Marlow wants to save Kurtz, but the manager doesn't want Marlow to bring back Kurtz, because the manager is afraid that if Marlow brings back Kurtz than he'll have to quit his job and give it to Kurtz. In Lord of the Flies, Jack wants to take over the leadership and Ralph, on the other hand, wants to be a leader himself. Ralph wants to be the leader so that he could make some kind of plan to get off the island, but Jack wants to be a leader so he can be the ruler and hunt, so that he has meat for himself. (9, 137) The protagonist wants victory over the antagonist and the antagonist wants to de-feat the protagonist. Where as the e antagonist has an evil purpose and the protagonist had a good purpose. A similar concept between the protagonist and the antagonist is that both of them are brave enough to dare to go against each other. They don't hide from each other, but they both of out and confront each other. In Heart of Darkness, Marlow knew that the manager didn't want Kurtz back, but he was brave enough to try bringing Kurtz back. the manger knew Marlow was just like Kurtz. That he will not give up so easy. The manager did everything in his power to stop Marlow. Even if they think their opponent is stronger, they don't back away from the fear of facing them. In Lord of the Flies, Piggy knows that Jack and his tribe is stronger than him, but still he goes over to the tribe and speaks his mind out about how they were wrong. (156) when a person makes up their mind to confront their opponent, nothing can stop them. Another comparable characteristic between the protagonist and the ...

Definition and Examples of Ethos in Classical Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Ethos in Classical Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, ethos is a persuasive appeal (one of the three artistic proofs) based on the character or projected character of the speaker or writer. Also called  ethical appeal or ethical argument. According to Aristotle, the chief components of a compelling ethos are goodwill, practical wisdom, and virtue. As an adjective: ethical or ethotic. Two broad types of ethos are commonly recognized: invented ethos and situated ethos.  Crowley and Hawhee observe that rhetors can invent a character suitable to an occasion- this is  invented ethos. However, if  rhetors  are fortunate enough to enjoy a good reputation in the community, they can use it as an ethical proof- this is  situated ethos (Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004). Pronunciation EE-thos Etymology From the Greek, custom, habit, character Related Terms IdentificationImplied AuthorLogos and PathosPersonaPhilophronesisPhronesis Examples and Observations A Universal Appeal Everyone makes an appeal to ethos if only an ethos of choosing never to stoop to such matters as ethos. No speech with intent is non-rhetorical.  Rhetoric is  not everything, but it is everywhere in  the speech of human  arguers. (Donald N. McCloskey, How to Do a Rhetorical Analysis, and Why. New Directions in Economic Methodology, ed. by Roger Backhouse. Routledge, 1994) Projected Characters Im not a doctor, but I play one on TV. (1960s TV commercial for Excedrin)I made my mistakes, but in all of my years of public life, I have never profited, never profited from public service- I earned every cent. And in all of my years of public life, I have never obstructed justice. And I think, too, that I could say that in my years of public life, that I welcome this kind of examination  because people have got to know whether or not their president is a crook. Well, I am not a crook. I have earned everything I have got. (President Richard Nixon, news conference in Orlando, Florida, November 17, 1973)It was a highly inconvenient thing for them in our debates that I was just a country boy from Arkansas and I came from a place where people still thought two and two was four. (Bill Clinton, speech at the Democratic National Convention, 2012)If, in my low moments, in word, deed or attitude, through some error of temper, taste, or tone, I have caused anyone discomfort, created pain, o r revived someones fears, that was not my truest self. If there were occasions when my grape turned into a raisin and my joy bell lost its resonance, please forgive me. Charge it to my head and not to my heart. My head- so limited in its finitude; my heart, which is boundless in its love for the human family. I am not a perfect servant. I am a public servant doing my best against the odds. (Jesse Jackson, Democratic National Convention Keynote Address, 1984) Contrasting Views The status of ethos in the hierarchy of rhetorical principles has fluctuated as rhetoricians in different eras have tended to define  rhetoric in terms of either idealistic aims or pragmatic skills. [For Plato] the reality of the speakers virtue is presented as a prerequisite to effective speaking. In contrast, Aristotles Rhetoric presents rhetoric as a strategic art which facilitates decisions in civil matters and accepts the appearance of goodness as sufficient to inspire conviction in hearers...The contrasting views of Cicero and Quintilian about the aims of rhetoric and the function of ethos are reminiscent of Platos and Aristotles differences of opinion about whether or not moral virtue in the speaker is intrinsic and prerequisite or selected and strategically presented. (Nan Johnson, Ethos and the Aims of Rhetoric. Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse, ed. by Robert J. Connors, Lisa Ede, and Andrea Lunsford. Southern Illinois University Press, 1984) Aristotle on Ethos If Aristotles study of pathos is a psychology of emotion, then his treatment of ethos amounts to a sociology of character. It is not simply a how-to guide to establishing ones credibility with an audience, but rather it is a careful study of what Athenians consider to be the qualities of a trustworthy individual. (James Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric. Allyn and Bacon, 2001)Fundamental to the Aristotelian concept of ethos is the ethical principle of voluntary choice: the speakers intelligence, character, and qualities comprehended by goodwill are evidenced through invention, style, delivery, and likewise incorporated in the arrangement of the speech. Ethos is primarily developed by Aristotle as a function of rhetorical invention; secondarily, through style and delivery. (William Sattler, Conceptions of Ethos in Ancient Rhetoric. Speech Monographs, 14, 1947) Ethical Appeals in Advertising and Branding Some types of oratory may rely more heavily on one type of proof than another. Today, for example, we note that a great deal of advertising uses ethos extensively through celebrity endorsements, but it might not use  pathos. It is  clear from Aristotles discussion in Rhetoric, however, that, overall, the three proofs work in conjunction to persuade (see Grimaldi, 1972). Moreover, it is equally clear that ethical character is the lynchpin that holds everything together. As Aristotle stated, moral character . . . constitutes the most effective means of proof (1356a). An audience is just not likely to respond positively to a speaker of bad character: His or her statement of premises will be met with skepticism; he or she will find it difficult to rouse the emotions appropriate to the situation; and the quality of the speech itself will be viewed negatively. (James Dale Williams, An Introduction to Classical Rhetoric. Wiley, 2009)On its face, personal branding as reputation managemen t shares some basic traits with the ancient Greek concept of ethos, which is commonly understood as the art of convincing ones audience that one is prudent or exercises good judgment (phronesis),  is of good moral character (arà ªte), and is acting with good will toward ones audience (eunoia). Historically, scholars of rhetoric have seen the basis of persuasion as a speakers capacity to understand and tailor ones message according to the complexities of social situations and human character. Ethos, broadly speaking, is understood as the rhetorical construction of a speakers character. (Christine Harold, Brand You!: The Business of Personal Branding and Community in Anxious Times. The Routledge Companion to Advertising and Promotional Culture, ed. by Matthew P. McAllister and Emily West. Routledge, 2013) Ethical Proof in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal The specific details by which Swift builds up the ethical proof fall into four categories descriptive of the projector: his humanity, his self-confidence, his competence in the immediate subject of the proposal, and his reasonableness...I have said that the projector is a bit cocksure. He is also manifestly humble and modest. The proposal is a modest one. It is introduced in generally modest terms: I SHALL NOW therefore humbly propose my own thoughts ...; I do humbly offer to public consideration. . . . Swift has blended these two qualities of his projector in such a way that both are convincing and that neither quality overshadows the other. The result is a pleader whose humility is justifiably tempered by the sure knowledge that he has something to offer Ireland, to her everlasting benefit. These are the explicit indicants of the moral character of the pleader; they are reinforced and dramatized by the whole tone of the essay. (Charles A. Beaumont, Swifts Classical Rhetoric. Univer sity of Georgia Press, 1961)

The Impact Of Globalization On The Multinational Corporations Essay

The Impact Of Globalization On The Multinational Corporations - Essay Example Plenty of definitions were given to globalization by different scholars. In any case, it is a fact that globalization has influenced most of the life segments of human being at present. The things happening in one part of the world has the capacity to affect the life of people in other parts of the world because of globalization. According to Lieber and Weisberg (2002), globalization helps people all over the world in the creation of a stronger and stable world (Lieber and Weisberg, 2002, p274).Global wealth is currently shifting from less heavily populated American and European regions to the more heavily populated Asian region at present because of globalization. The world's tallest building is now in Dubai. The largest publicly traded company is in China. The largest passenger airplane is built in Europe. The biggest movie industry is India's Bollywood, not Hollywood. And in the most recent Forbes rankings, only two of the world's 10 richest people are American (Zakaria, 2008, p.1 98). Business is one segment in which globalization brought revolutionary changes. Current market is heavily globalized because of globalization. Most of the prominent organizations in the world are currently operating internationally or cross culturally. Politics, economics, and religious or cultural beliefs are not causing any barrier in preventing the growth of international business. Offshoring and outsourcing like business concepts evolved out because of globalization. Multinational companies are utilizing these business concepts judiciously to make profits. The concepts such as Free trade, regional trade blocs etc are helping MNC’s immensely in spreading their business to overseas countries. Foreign Direct investment or FDI is encouraged by all countries as part of their economic reformation activities. All these favourable business climates are helping MNCs in operating cross culturally at present. This paper reviews the literatures to know the impact of globalization upon MNCs. Literature Review: The impact of globalization on multinational corporations Globalization has impacted MNCs both positively and negatively. Most of the prominent companies in this world were struggling for expansion before the introduction of globalization. For example, Starbucks is a company which is struggling to expand in America because of their excessive number of coffee shops everywhere in America. American market was saturated for Starbucks and they were looking for opportunities in global market. â€Å"While Starbucks was very successful in its domestic market, the leaders of the company knew they would have to exploit globalization and expand the company to foreign markets to fully utilize the potential that the company had.   In 2003, Starbucks quickly expanded into foreign markets and began to evolve into the world-wide company we know today†(Hart, 2011). At present, Starbucks is accumulating more revenue from international market than from American m arket. Robinson (2003) has pointed out that globalization helps the world to develop transnational capital (Robinson, p.12). The presence of transnational is operating globally with the help of transnational capital. Prominent automobile manufacturers are currently offshoring their manufacturing operations to cheap labour oriented countries such as India and China to reduce manufacturing cost. It is difficult for an American made vehicle to compete effectively with a Korean or Indian made vehicle in terms of price. Price wars are getting intensified in the automobile sector in recent times and hence the profit percentages of the automakers are coming down drastically. Governments in different countries have already formulated implemented

Documenting the Crime Scene Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Documenting the Crime Scene - Research Paper Example The responding offer must assess the scene and treat it as a crime scene through remaining cautious and observing events, potential evidence, persons, and vehicles (Horswell, 2010). According to Orthmann & Hess (2012), the initial responding officer is expected to take not of the physical location, time, address and date of the crime and make observations such as smell and sounds at the scene. Accordingly, the responding officer must take protective and safety measures by remaining attentive while scanning the area for any dangers such as natural gas, gasoline or hazardous chemicals that entail smells and sounds (Pepper, 2010). The next step is provision of medical attention to the victims of the crime without contaminating the scene and minimizing contact with the evidence such as knife tears and bullet holes (Orthmann & Hess, 2012). The officer can take statements from witnesses, the victim and suspects that are at the crime scene and victims or suspects that are sent to health facilities must be accompanied by enforcement officials in order to preserve the evidence (Ogle, 2011). The next step is securing and controlling the scene through limiting the access and movements and separating the suspects and witnesses, removing bystanders, family members and medical personnel in order to prevent scene contamination and destruction of evidence (Dale & Becker, 2007). The responding offers will then put physical barriers to the points of entry and document all people entering the scene.

Culture identity Essay Example for Free

Culture identity Essay What is culture identity? Culture identity is appreciation and understanding of literature and who or what a person is, identical sameness and distinctive character. It also means what you are and how you live. In this essay I am going to write about Search for my Tongue by Bhatt and Hurricane hits England by Grace Nichols. I have chosen them because they use a mixture of poetic devices, which makes the poem lively and entertaining to read. Firstly the poem Search for my Tongue is about her feeling abandoned and heart-rending because she went to a place where she forgot how to speak her mother tongue while speaking the foreign language, which is upsetting for her since she is blissful about speaking her mother tongue. She also tells us in the poem about her experiences and what she has been happening to her. I know this because she uses a range of words for e.g. lost and spit this makes me think that she is losing her memory of how to speak her own language, as this is shameful for her because her mother tongue is part of her identity. She is also trying to get rid of the foreign language as she described it as spit. The word spit creates an image of someone trying to get rid of something ugly in their mouth. Then again in the last part of the poem she is feeling glad and back to being natural because her mother tongue grew back in the night. I know this because she quotes it pushes the other tongue aside this line is effective because it makes me feel that she is joyful of getting the chance to speak her language other than the foreign language. The poem Search for my Tongue uses a variety of different language devices for e.g. she states grows longer, grows moist and grows strong veins the poet used repetition so that she can keep the pace going and the rhythm run smoothly and that she just started a new life as she described it in order. However she also uses personification. I know this because she exclaims it ties the other tongue in knots this makes me think that the tongues are combating it out with each other just to tie each other in knots. This is effective for the reader because it engages with the reader so they can be involved in the poem. The poet also uses imagery words so she can catch a picture straight away in the readers mind. I know this because she quotes it grows back a stump of shoot. This makes me think of the tongue capturing the language as fast as a gunshot. Secondly the poem Hurricane hits England by Grace Nichols is about her feeling alienated from life in England and that it took a hurricane to bring her back closer and remind her of her memories. The poet is feeling petrified and dominant.  I know this because she quotes fearful and reassuring. This makes me think that she is very afraid of whats going to happen to her that she stayed awake half the night, on the other hand she is ready to defend and strike anyone.  This is effective because it makes the reader continue to read until he/she finds out what happened at the end. The poem Hurricane hits England uses a wide range of techniques for e.g. she uses lots of rhetorical questions for e.g. she quotes tell me why you visit an English coast? This means that she is trying to tell the hurricane why did it visit her land and not someone elses. She is also trying to say that did she do anything bad that frustrated the hurricane. This is effective because she does not want an answer however she wants the reader to think of the answer while they are reading it which will make it more interesting to read. The poet also uses similes. I know this because she quotes what is the meaning of trees falling heavy as whales. This means that the hurricane was so physically powerful that when a tree fell it was as heavy as a whale. This line is effective because it makes the reader imagine what would have happened if millions of trees fell which would have killed so many people and destroyed so many homes.  The similarities of the two poems are not quite the same because in the content the two poems talk about the culture identity and about their new place. In the language they use imagery and metaphors however in the structure most of the lines are laid out in paragraphs. The differences between the two poems. In the content Search for my Tongue is about language and Hurricane hits England is about the environment. In the language the poem Search for my Tongue uses personification. I know this because she quoted it ties the other tongue in knots. She also used repetition. I know this because she quoted grows moist, grows longer and grows strong veins. In Hurricane hits England the poet used rhetorical question. I know this because she quotes o why is my heart unchained? The poet also used similes. I know this because she quotes trees falling heavy as whales. In the structure Search for my Tongue is laid out in lines and paragraphs however the poem Hurricane hits England is just laid out in paragraphs and stanzas.  In conclusion I think Search for my Tongue is better because some of the words are in different language, which is interesting to find out and it uses lots of language devices. The poem Hurricane hits England is full of rhetorical questions, which makes it boring and it makes the reader think a lot.

Are Zoos Inhumane? Essays -- Animal Cruelty

In the film, Madagascar, zoos are depicted as a sanctuary in which all the exotic animals are kept safe and are open for the public to view. But many would argue that zoos are inhumane, the caging of animals for our personal entertainment is unjustifiable. Those who believe that zoos are wrong and should be destroyed are animal rights activist; they believe that animals should be allowed to choose their own destiny. Those that believe that zoos are an important part of our lives are scientist and zoologist. This debate has gone on for generations and average folk are stuck in the middle, not knowing which side to stand on. The animals being kept in captivity could not be interviewed; their side of the story will be based on interpretation on their movement and interaction with animals in the zoo and in the wild. Are animals better suited to live in the harsh conditions of the wild or are they better suited to live their lives safely in captivity? Many animal rights activist argue that animals should be allowed to live their lives in the wild instead of captivity. That we as humans have no right to neither alter the fate of other species nor use them for our personal benefits. PETA who is well known for their animal rights view argue that â€Å"Captive animals are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them and as a result, they become bored and lonely and many even suffer from a condition called zoochosis.† (PETA 1) Zoochosis is a condition in which the animal wonders back and forth usually in the same position for hours on end. This condition is only seen in the zoos as a result of the animal’s captivity. As a result zoos provide these animals with Prozac, which is a mood-altering drug to help prevent public atte... ... in todays society. But one thing is for sure many would argue that zoos have brought humans and animals closer together for the good and the bad. Works Cited "Zoos." Animal Cruelty -. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2015. Lin, Doris. "Emaciated Asian Elephant Started Life at Busch Gardens." N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2015. Kaufman, Leslie. "To Save Some Species, Zoos Must Let Others Die." The New York Times. The New York Times, 27 May 2012. Web. 12 May 2015. "Do We Need Zoos?" : An All Creatures Animal Rights Article. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2015. "CSA - Are Zoos Necessary." CSA - Are Zoos Necessary. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2015. Hone, Dave. "Why Zoos Are Good." Thegauardian. N.p., n.d. Web. Tuesday 19 August 2014 "How Zoos Are Saving Our Animals." – Features – ABC Environment (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2015.

Dumping in our Waters Essay

Water is probably one of the most important resources we have. People can survive without food for several weeks but without water we couldn’t live for more than a week. Millions of liters of water are needed every day worldwide for washing, irrigating crops, and cooling industrial processes, not to mention leisure industries such as swimming pools and water sports centers. (Internet Source) Despite our dependence on water, we use it as dumping ground for all sorts of waste, and do very little to protect the water supplies we have. There are several threats to our water resources. Oil spills kills thousands of seabirds and can wreck water desalination plants and industrial plants drawing their water from affected coastline. (EBSCO CD-ROM source) Poor management of existing water resource can lead to these resources running out or at least shrinking. Much of the pollution in the rivers and seas comes from chemicals, mainly from agriculture. Another pollution issue, which is not brought up often, is thermal pollution. As you can see we have many problems in our waters and we need to protect the waters. In the long run water pollution is going to harm us more than we now it, because a little bit of our ocean is dieing and sometime in the future its going to kills us. The thing that’s worries me the most is the animals. The animals in the ocean are dieing everyday in the ocean because of the bad pollution we have right now. Every year millions of animals dies because of the water pollution we have and 65% of the sea animal’s die because of the pollution. (Internet source) Companies, industries and people litter in our waters and for sure that is not a good thing. We need to learn that we are not going to live very long if we keep doing this. Every year it has gotten worse, the water pollution has gone about 3% every year and that a whole lot more litter and killing that we do. (Internet source) People like us cause water pollution. Dumping our trash into the ocean is one thing that causes this problem. Another is an oil tanker spilling oil in the ocean or not recycling our trash is seriously destroying the waters even more. The effect by all this water pollution is killing the waters but also a big part is killing our animals. Sea animals are very important to our lives. One of the main problems is the oils spill we have every year. People call this â€Å"oil slicks† a common name for oil spills. One of the hugest media surrounding oil spills was Saddam Hussein in the Gulf War. (Internet Source) He caused many oil spills during the war and that serious killed many of the animals in the ocean. Although measures have been taken to prevent spillage from oil tankers, there will still be accidents as the world use oil, and there is always the possibility of oil being spilled in war or by terrorist activity. (EBSCO CD-ROM source) Oil also gets into the sea from many other sources. On a graph 37% of oil pollution comes from industrial discharges and urban run-off. 33% from vessel operation, 12% on tanker accidents, 9% on atmosphere, 7% on natural sources, and last 2% from exploration production. (Internet source) Oil pollution is a major problem in water pollution and there is really no simple solution to this problem but what we can do is try to prevent, come up with ideas to stop the pollution and protect our waters. For many years has been used as coolant in industry, especially in power stations. It was never though of as a problem back in the day, because nothing was actually added to the water. However, higher temperatures can cause enzymes and microbes to speed up, and can eventually kill sea animals. Change in temperature can cause fish to migrate to regions where the water is best for them, but kill any species, which cannot move away. (Internet Source) Recently people have realized that only small changes in temperature are need to have considerable environment impact. One possible solution is to use the excess heat from industry to heat home. (Internet Source) In the book Water is everyone’s business it says this might sound very attractive but it is only practical when the homes are fairly close to the power station, and even promise cheap heating is not enough to persuade many people to live next door to a power station. (Behrman A.S. 121) This subject brings me up to my next one, which is a world without trout. If water temperatures keep rising such possibly thing might happen. Unless something is don trout and salmon will be eventually killed because of thermal pollution. The primary cause of this warming water trend and cold water fishery decline is by carbon dioxide. Although transportation produces whopping amounts of atmospheric pollution, fossil fueled power plants alone  generate 40% of the carbon dioxide in our air. Ways to prevent this is to find other sources to light up our houses. Now a days companies and industries have found other resources and it has been helping a little bit at a time. Last of all Drugs in the waters has cause many problems as well. Most drugs are in local streams, rivers, and perhaps even farms, as sewage bio solids used as fertilizer. Most drugs that are not used or have been used are being trashed in our oceans. Now what kind of people does that? This is serious is harming the waters, animals, and even us. Chemicals that come from drugs float around in the water and you don’t even now about this. How does that make you feel because, many people have gotten sick of this pollution and even died. If people have gotten sick of this it takes a while before it kicks in but for sure you get a good dose of sickness. This serious is a big problem that we can easily prevent. Its so simple just don’t trash the waters with the drugs, anywhere than the waters that we so need. This student from West Torrance high school sponsored a poll asking the students whether they think water pollution wills damage our ocean in the long run? 96% of the students think it would. The other question was do you think we should take care of the ocean more because of all the pollution? 87% of the students said yes and 13% said no. (Poll) This poll shows you that we should take care of our waters and think about what pollution is going to do to us in the long run. In conclusion all these problems that we have in the world should try to be prevented or stopped. We all can be a part of this by not littering because you really don’t now where that trash is going. Most of it goes to the ocean and it kills the waters. Slowly and slowly the waters are going to be destroyed and we really need it. Water is probably the most important that we need to live. Without water we would die, animals would die and everything would die. This essay should be consider by all of the people because in the long run we are not going to live very long if we still pollute the waters. We need water in many different ways and we cannot live without it. Also the animals that we have should not go through the pain of dieing because we are polluting the waters. They have not done anything to  us so we shouldn’t do anything to them. Prevent the water pollution in the world as little but as you can because you never now what possibilities it can do.

The Driving Age Should Be Raised to 18

The Driving age should be raised to 18 Since people have changed, some driving laws ought to change as well. The Department of Motor Vehicles must Observe and Acclimate unto the Motor Vehicle’s Operators with Revisions. While observing, DMV will find that many drivers treat their vehicles like mini living rooms and have mocked the customs and values of driving and they ought not to tempt children to do the same. Many drivers observe people driving while eating, text messaging and watching videos. â€Å"10 percent of drivers aged 14 to 24 years old are on their phone at any time. (NHTSA, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) To adapt unto this grave temptation of drivers is to mandate the legal age to 18 years old. I have been driving for 33 years and I was 16 years old when I was given a legal permit to drive a motor vehicle. Nevertheless, in 1979 the phones were in the living rooms, kitchen walls and the bedrooms of our houses. We as â€Å"Baby Boomers† did extremel y well, while driving with the customs and values of being â€Å"An Motor Operator. † There weren’t many distractions of our own. It was a practice of being attentive with other motorists which made it immeasurably easier to drive safer. It was also and always a predictable effect as well when we smiled at the other motorists. We had conceived a good sense of motivation and inspiration, not road rage. I can recall the time when I was driving and had an a pair of encounters with the parents of two of my friends while crossing each other at an intersection upon separate occasions when in both instances, the parents conceived inspiration from my attentiveness, smile and a kindly wave. Months later, I was a passenger in both of my friend’s new car. With this calling to mind, underage drivers were adequately allowed to drive, because people were adequate drivers. People were not treating their cars like mini living rooms. DMV should take the stand upon this issue, because many parents feel proud and dedicated to allowing their children to drive. Many will allow them because they themselves starting driving at the tender age of 16. Consequently, with today’s unprincipled driving practices of unsafe drivers, DMV should adhere unto the fact that â€Å"The number one source of driver inattention is use of a wireless device. † (Virginia Tech/NHTSA) Just a week ago, I took interest to observe closely my associated-by-default-drivers coming home from work in the rush hours of the day and noticed 6 out of 10 motorists were unsafely driving while eating, texting or video watching. Who would want their child to drive like them or drive besides them? Only proud parents I presume. Another case in point, is that under-aged drivers do drive with heavy duty vehicles, such as Tractor-trailers weighing over 80,000 + pounds and from my encounters from 2007 through 2008, when I was driving a heavy loaded cab-over tractor double trailer tomato truck. I was generally in the right lane most of the time and had numerous encounters with young drivers entering the on-ramp driving like Mickey and Minnie Mouse scurrying casually upon the ramp. On one occasion, a young teen was text messaging or perhaps dialing a number. Another occasion, I remember a car load of teens were excitingly viewing a video of interest. And another occasion, I’d encountered a young boy reclining in his car seat like he was in a concert listening unto his stereo. On all occasions, I had to rapidly down shift gears and with gear in neutral, I revved up the accelerator in order to create a loud sound effect to get their attention. Every time, they either dropped their cell phone, stopped watching their video or sat up straight from their reclining seat and accelerated like they should’ve done with a 55 mph heavy truck. Each of those times, I exhaled a great sign of relief. Not because of my wrong doing, I was rightfully in my lane, but because I will have to take out my fire extinguisher and assist with their calamity. A child’s at that. My heart is heavy with concern from this recollection. Some driving laws ought to change. A lot of drivers have changed dramatically over the years. There are drastically too many unethical driving practices for the young and innocent to be exposed to. Therefore, the driving age should be raised to 18. Children ought to be exposed unto the wonders and the beauty of the world, not to be imperiled by the vulnerabilities of them, by driving in this age and time. I shall not speak a thousand words to convey that a lot of drivers have changed for the worst and a revised law will surely help change the minds of proud and dedicated parents by raising the age limit to 18 years of age to operate a motor vehicle.

Free Essays on A Lesson Ive Learned

During the course of a lifetime, everyday life throws many obstacles our way. Many of these obstacles have potential to change our lives in either big ways or little. Many of these obstacles are caused by decisions that were made, but may have not been the greatest ideas. The consequences of these mistakes can ruin trust, break friendships, even do as much as cause bodily harm to ourselves as well as others. There are no ways to prevent accidents. The particular lesson I chose to write changed the way I drive. I learned my most significant lesson so far in life, when I was 17. I was in a car accident with two of my friends (Juan and T.J.) who were also 17. T.J. was hurt bad and it was my fault. The Tuesday that Juan, T.J., and I left Woodward High School at 1:30 pm in my 1989 Cutlass Supreme was a very warm sunny day. We just wanted to get out and enjoy the nice weather and listen to some music. We thought nothing could spoil our moods, or the great weather. That could be no further from the truth. Everything was great as we drove to Juan’s house on Bancroft and locust listening to music. I was driving Juan was in the passenger seat and T.J. was behind Juan. Then in the matter of seconds, our world was spinning, literally, and the damage was done. I stopped at a stop sign, on page and locust, looked both ways, and pressed the gas pedal. Not even halfway through the intersection another car (that must have been too far down the street for me to see) hit me on the passenger side causing my car to spin all the way around, and caused my friend T.J. to go into a seizure immediately. I was terrified as I looked back and saw T.J. shaking tremendously his eyes roll ed in the back of his head. I quickly got out of the car so Juan could get out on my side also because the passenger side was smashed to where the door wouldn’t open. As soon as Juan got out of the car he instantaneously tried to get T.J. out, but T.J. was to... Free Essays on A Lesson I've Learned Free Essays on A Lesson I've Learned During the course of a lifetime, everyday life throws many obstacles our way. Many of these obstacles have potential to change our lives in either big ways or little. Many of these obstacles are caused by decisions that were made, but may have not been the greatest ideas. The consequences of these mistakes can ruin trust, break friendships, even do as much as cause bodily harm to ourselves as well as others. There are no ways to prevent accidents. The particular lesson I chose to write changed the way I drive. I learned my most significant lesson so far in life, when I was 17. I was in a car accident with two of my friends (Juan and T.J.) who were also 17. T.J. was hurt bad and it was my fault. The Tuesday that Juan, T.J., and I left Woodward High School at 1:30 pm in my 1989 Cutlass Supreme was a very warm sunny day. We just wanted to get out and enjoy the nice weather and listen to some music. We thought nothing could spoil our moods, or the great weather. That could be no further from the truth. Everything was great as we drove to Juan’s house on Bancroft and locust listening to music. I was driving Juan was in the passenger seat and T.J. was behind Juan. Then in the matter of seconds, our world was spinning, literally, and the damage was done. I stopped at a stop sign, on page and locust, looked both ways, and pressed the gas pedal. Not even halfway through the intersection another car (that must have been too far down the street for me to see) hit me on the passenger side causing my car to spin all the way around, and caused my friend T.J. to go into a seizure immediately. I was terrified as I looked back and saw T.J. shaking tremendously his eyes rol led in the back of his head. I quickly got out of the car so Juan could get out on my side also because the passenger side was smashed to where the door wouldn’t open. As soon as Juan got out of the car he instantaneously tried to get T.J. out, but T.J. was to...

Funny Quotes About Work Meetings, Mistakes, and More

Funny Quotes About Work Meetings, Mistakes, and More Life at the workplace can be dreary without humor, which can serve to relieve tension and create camaraderie among team members. Teamwork improves productivity and work performance, and when people are enthusiastic, the workplace ambiance becomes fun. You look forward to working with people you enjoy and have a rapport with. This all is part of a vibrant workplace atmosphere. In this collection of funny work quotes, glimpse the lighter side of work life. Share these with your colleagues to create an upbeat environment in your workplace. Scott Adams, The Dilbert Principle Creativity is allowing yourself to make mistakes. Art is knowing which ones to keep. William Castle An expert is a man who tells you a simple thing in a confused way in such a fashion as to make you think the confusion is your own fault. Phyllis Diller What I don’t like about office Christmas parties is looking for a job the next day. Carl Zwanzig Duct tape is like the force. It has a light side, a dark side, and it holds the universe together. Scott Adams Give a man a fish, and youll feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and hell buy a funny hat. Talk to a hungry man about fish, and youre a consultant. Tori Filler Experience is what you get when you don’t get what you want. Phil Pastoret Hear no evil, see no evil, and speak no evil- and you’ll never get a job working for a tabloid. Dennis Miller The easiest job in the world has to be coroner. Surgery on dead people. What’s the worst thing that could happen? If everything went wrong, maybe you’d get a pulse. Niels Bohr An expert is a man who has made all the mistakes which can be made in a very narrow field. Leo Durocher I believe in rules. Sure I do. If there weren’t any rules, how could you break them? Jerome K. Jerome I like work; it fascinates me. I can sit and look at it for hours. Woody Allen Im short enough and ugly enough to succeed on my own. If a man smiles all the time, he’s probably selling something that doesn’t work. Dave Barry If you had to identify in one word the reason why the human race has not achieved and never will achieve its full potential, that word would be meetings. Proverbs 10:26 Like vinegar to the teeth, and smoke to the eyes, so are the lazy to their employers. Sam Ewing Nothing is so embarrassing as watching someone do something that you said couldn’t be done. Lily Tomlin â€Å"I always wanted to be somebody, but now I realize I should have been more specific.† Oscar Wilde The best way to appreciate your job is to imagine yourself without one. Betty Reese If you think you are too small to be  effective, you have never been in the dark with a mosquito.† Ted Turner My son is now an entrepreneur. Thats what youre called when you dont have a job. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow â€Å"It takes less  time to do things right  than to explain why you did it wrong.† Henry Kissinger A diamond is merely a lump of coal that  did well under pressure.

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Critical Analysis - Essay Example The purpose of the article is to inform Americans about the failure of the health care industry and demonstrate the need for a universal health insurance. Through a simple format and style, the authors reveal the lack of insurance of many Americans and how the high cost of benefits causes many problems. However, despite some weaknesses, the article uses successfully evidence to establish credibility and present universal health care as the solution. II Summary Millions of Americans do not have insurance or are underinsured, which exposes them to illness and premature death. The rising cost of insurance premiums leads many businesses to file bankruptcy. Moreover, most Americans agree that the health care system is broken, and they also understand that the United States is the only industrialized nation without a national health care, which political leaders do not seem to perceive. Some studies indicate that the overwhelming majority of Americans want a universal health insurance, a s ystem that makes the government the single bill payer, reduces paperwork cost, gets rid of expensive insurance organizations and saves millions of dollars in CEO compensation. In the current system, doctors spend more time filling insurance paperwork than with patients. The choice of a universal health insurance stems from the recognition of the failure of the industry and its disastrous effects but also a deep understanding of the necessity for people to get help when they need it. The health care issue gets highly politicized during electoral times, and many groups advocate different options all of which are better than the existing system; however, universal health insurance is still the best. Besides, the lobbies of politicians who depend on the financial support from the health care industry prevent the project from becoming a reality. III Interpretation and Evaluation The article has an unusual organization that does not follow the traditional paragraph format. Instead, it is made of short segments of different length throughout the whole essay. However, it does contain some specific parts that present different aspects of health care. The article adopts the form of a dialogue with questions and answers; the authors address readers as â€Å"you† and themselves as â€Å"we† as if they engage in an open discussion with them. The format and style of the article are very effective because they allow readers to clearly understand the message through the short segments and feel comfortable as if the authors were present through this conversational approach. Even though the article is relatively short, the authors have thoroughly treated the topic and addressed its most important points. They have clearly shown the failure of the current health care system that has left millions of Americans uninsured, which exposes them to disease and premature death: â€Å"An estimated 50 million Americans lack medical insurance, and a similar and rapidly growi ng number are underinsured. The uninsured are excluded from services, charged more for services, and die when medical care could save them† (Pibel & Gelder). They also demonstrate the negative impact of the broken health care industry on businesses and how it leads them to bankruptcy: â€Å"Businesses are suffering too. Insurance premiums increased 73 percent between 2000 and 2005, and per capita costs are expected to keep rising†

Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Anemia - Essay Example The body may also fail to generate red blood cells to lead to the shortage in the body. Alternatively, the rate of degeneration of red blood cells may be higher than the rate of regeneration to identify shortage into anemia. Anemia also exists in different forms and examples are â€Å"iron deficiency anemia,† â€Å"vitamin deficiency anemia,† â€Å"anemia caused by underlying diseases,† and anemia that results from hereditary diseases (Women’s Health, 2012, p. 1). Symptoms exist that indicate possible existence of anemia and examples include â€Å"fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, low body temperature, pale skin, and shortness of breath† (Women’s Health, 2012, p. 1). Existing tests for the condition are limited to physical examination on the symptoms and treatments such as blood transfusion, suppression of the immune system, facilitated generation of red blood cells, and consumption of necessary supplements exist. The treatments focus o n each cause of the condition. In severe conditions, anemia can lead to cardiac arrest (Chem,

Contract law research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Contract law - Research Paper Example As earlier mentioned, a contract refers to a relationship of exchange that is either written or oral agreement between persons. This relationship contains one or more promises, which are legally enforceable. Several crucial elements are reflected by this definition of a contract. They include the following: the first element of an indenture is that, it is an agreement that is either written or oral between a minimum of two persons. This element implies that one cannot make a contract with oneself. The relationship in a contract is consensual and voluntary, meaning that no one is coerced to sign a contract. Even, though, the minimum number of people required in signing a contract is two, the transaction can involve a limitless number of parties. The parties create a contract with intent and free will to be bound, and they reach an agreement concerning vital provisions of the relationship. A contractual obligation is distinguished from other legal duties by the agreement element. The s econd element is that a contract is a relationship of exchange that is based on the principle of offer and acceptance. This element emphasizes that the parties who enter in to a contract are bound together by the by a commodity that they are exchanging. Minimum interaction is involved in a number of contractual relationships (Blum, 2007). For instance, if an individual enters into a contract to have his hair cut, the barber will perform a quick activity of trimming his hair and the individual will honor his obligation by paying for the services. These two activities will mark the end of the contractual relationship. On the contrary, contractual relationships like supply contracts or leases could last for several years, and the parties involved engaging into constant dealings that are controlled by the provisions stated in the agreement. A contract relationship has an essential purpose which is exchange. Society and the economy require the trade of intangible rights, services and pro perty. These exchanges are regulated and facilitated by a contract as part of its chief role. Therefore, a contract carries with it the principle of reciprocity, in which one must part with something to get something back. The third essential element is that a contract should have a minimum of one promise, which is made with a hope of being honored in a later date as per the agreements. A contract is not constituted in the instantaneous exchanges, even though they involve a trade and are consensual (Blum, 2007). A promise, therefore, goes beyond the agreement instance as a future commitment. If both parties honor their side of the commitment at the expiry of the agreed duration, then there will be no need of involving the law in contracts. Contract law comes in incase of breach of contractual agreement by either of the parties. Last but not least, a contract has an

News Is Nothing More Than A Strategic Ritual Media Essay

News Is Nothing More Than A Strategic Ritual Media Essay From my opinion, to be objective, it is to illustrate both sides of a particular point of view without being subjective. This means that what is being portrayed should be value free. The journalist illustrates the whole truth about an event without including his or her own opinion in a subjective manner. There has been an ongoing discourse about objectivity. Objectivity in the news being nothing more than a strategic ritual. Firstly, objectivity can be hard to define as illustrated by Schudson â€Å"Objectivity might be a professional idea, but it is one that seemed to disintegrate as soon as it was formulated. It became an ideal in journalism, after all, precisely when the impossibility of overcoming the subjectivities of presenting the news was widely accepted. Criticism of the â€Å"myth† of objectivity has been a contrapuntal accompaniment to the enunciation of objectivity as an ideal from the beginning† (Schudson, 1990: 269). â€Å"To a sociologist, the word â€Å"Objectivity† is fraught with meaning. It invokes philosophy, notions of science, and ideas of professionalism. It conjures up the ghost of Durkheim and Weber, recalling disputes in scholarly journals concerning the nature of â€Å"social facts† and the term â€Å"value free†Ã¢â‚¬  (Tuchman 1972: 660). This therefore suggests that the term objectivity is burdened with different meaning, thus very difficult to define as any definition of such word can easily be obsolete. However Schudson on the other hand argues that â€Å"A commitment to objectivity in journalism can be defined as meaning that â€Å"a persons statement about the world can be trusted if they are submitted to established rules deemed legitimate by a professional community† (Schudson 1978: 294 cited in Harcup 2009: 82) According to Bennet, â€Å"there are reasons to be dissatisfied with the news these days. Yet, news remains the primary source of information about society, politics, and government†. These problems could be said to be related to the term objectivity. In the sense that so many factors affect the news, thus the news cannot be seen as the whole truth, as it could be argued that it is fragmented. Furthermore the publics perception about society and all other events are distorted. In relating it back to the question, it can be argued that objectivity in the news is not a strategic ritual because there are factors beyond the newsmans power that cannot be controlled, as other individuals are involved in the production of the news, such as the gate keeper who decides what news is and is not presented. Thus the news is subjective. â€Å"Perhaps the most unsettling thought of all is that the electronic media, the principal source of political information for many if not many American citizens (Robinson and Levy 1985), might be biased in the presentation of public affair† (Kuklinsk 1992: 810). This can be said to be related to objectivity because there is always the question about selection of news. How journalist select news would determine whether the news they produce would have bias included, thus the selection of news would be considered in further paragraphs. Bearing in mind that they previously hold a certain view about a topic. This would then create bias in the news report. News is the only source in which individuals find out events happening in society. However like it was previously reiterated, the news is always biased, one way or the other, thus the public is not fully aware of what is going on around them. â€Å"More than one public official has made this very claim.when every president- liberal or conservative, democrat or republican-has complained bitterly about the inaccurate and unfair picture the networks were presenting†(Kuklinsk 1992: 811)â€Å"Reagans secretary of state, George Shult, was heard to protest that â€Å"it seems as though the reporters are against us. Theyre always seeking to report something thats going to screw things up† (quoted by Karp 1985, 63). With this, it can be illustrated that the newsmen may actually do it on purpose, so that they could attract increasing audiences. This could be said to be objectivity in the news to be a strategic ritual, in the sense that journalist would go any length just to entertain the public at the expense of politicians profile. Thus getting increased audience because relating it to news values, the public would like to hear more on bad news and unexpectedness. The more the news is unexpected, the more it would attract increased audiences. There are two questions which confront us when we deal with the problems of how news is selected from the multitude of events which occur in the world. The first is: what is selected?the second is that of objectivity: namely, how accurately does such a selection reflect the real world? (Cohen and Young 1973: 17). The idea that journalist have the choice to select the news they want to report on, it means that they are already being subjective about the particular topic they want to report on. Thus, objectivity in the news could be said to be a strategic ritual. This could be so, because they might already hold a particular perspective on the topic. Hence would unavoidably be able to neglect their point of view in reporting the news, so the news becomes biased in the sense that they are selling their opinion to the public about a particular topic. Consequently, they give biased news to the public; therefore the public gets a distorted view about what the journalist is writing about. â€Å"According to Gaye Tuchman, objectivity can be seen as a strategic ritual that journalist use as a defence mechanism. She identified four routine procedures that allow journalist claim objectivity for their work: the presentation of conflicting possibilities, the presentation of supporting evidence, the judicious use of quotation marks, the structuring of information in an appropriate sequence† (Tuchman, 299-301 cited in Harcup 2009) The word objectivity can be affected by several factors of only some would be discussed, which in turn affects the report in which the journalist produces. This can be illustrated by Tuchman 1972, who explained that â€Å"there are three types of factors which influence the newsmans notion of objectivity: form, inter organization relationships, and content. By form, I mean those attributes of news stories and newspapers which exemplify news procedures such as the use of quotation marks†(Tuchman 1972: 661) This is to show that by using such quotation marks, it would mark the objectivity of the event. Individuals who must have witnessed whatever event would be able to give a full account about what happened. Thus, the journalists report would be objective and free from bias thus exemplifying him from problems if he produced inaccurate news. â€Å"By content I mean notions of social reality which the news paper man takes for granted. Content is also related to the newsmans orga nisational relationships, for his experiences with these organisations lead him to take for granted certain things about them† (Tuchman 1972: 661). Everett Hughes (1964) cited in Tuchman 1972: 661 â€Å"suggests that procedures that serve this purposes may be seen as â€Å"rituals†inasmuch as newspapermen invoke ritualistic procedures in order to deflect potential criticism and to follow routines bounded by the â€Å"cognitive limits of rationality†, they are also performance â€Å"strategies† (March and Simon 1967, pp.137, 142)Objectivity as strategic ritual may be used by professionals to defend themselves from critical onslaught†. Overall, these factors/ procedures help protect the journalist and the organisations integrity in the sense that they would not get accused of producing inaccurate news and they would not get sued unnecessarily. All these factors explained by Tuchman, it can be argued that objectivity in the news is a strategic ritual i n the fact that, they are trying to protect their back and save the organisations reputation. It can be argued that objectivity in the news is a strategic ritual because it can be said that the newspaper and writers are trying to get an increase audience. With them publishing the news, it would actually help increase their organisational revenue in the sense that they would experience high circulation. Also with the increased audience, it means that they would be at the top of the competition list, therefore giving them the competitive edge against other news providers. Thus giving them a unique selling point, which means they would be able to differentiate themselves from other news organisations. as a result stand out. This could be illustrated further, according to Young â€Å"the market model then maintains that the responsible journalist selects these events which are in the public interest to know and objectively portray reality within the format and genre of the particular media concerned†(Young 1973: 17). The public would like to know that they are being provi ded with objective news, thus the journalist would try their best to provide the news, so by making sure they get objective news, and they increase their readership and circulation. This would benefit them because it would allow them to be popular against their competitors. However, for the fact journalist select the news they think the public would be interested and present it as objectively as they can, this could be said to be a strategic ritual. The selection of news would further be illustrated later in this essay. This may be so, in the fact that they dont want to get themselves into trouble for providing biased news, thus affecting their integrity in the organisation they work and publicly soiling the organisations reputation. This means that the public would not trust the news they produce, thus, they would continually get negative criticism. This could be illustrated by Tuchman 1977b cited in Shoemaker 1996 who â€Å"argues that objectivity is a ritual that objectivity is a ritual that serves primarily to defend the organisational product from critics. Because newsworkers have little time to reflect on whether they have gotten at the â€Å"truth† in their stories, the need a set of procedure, or strategies, that if followed will protect them from occupational hazards such as libel suit and reprimands from superior†. Consequently, journalists follow a set of guidelines to avoid critics so that they dont get into unnecessary trouble and to be able to protect themselves from disgrace. Like it was previously said, journalist get chance to select the news they want to write about. The idea that they are allowed to do that shows that the news they are going to write about is already biased on the fact that they might already have a subjected view about it. Thus, the news would be value laden as well as hardly value free. Also for the fact that journalist use different sources to make up their news, Even though they are supposedly trusted sources of theirs, the question is how can they be so sure that the news the trusted sources provide is objective. Thus, it shows that they cannot be sure if the news is 100% objective. â€Å"Calling into the question of validity of representational knowledge about the world- arguing that news is as much a bureaucratic product as it is a reflection of external reality and that ‘objectivity is essentially a strategic ritual- is at bottom incompatible with journalisms self legitimating discourses. Pointing out that the subjects (i.e. the journalists) perception are not just the product of individual autonomy, showing that journalist (like all of us) are inexorably entangled with and in part constituted by language us, serve to erode the foundations of the conventional wisdom†(Dahlgren 1992: 11). Consequently, this shows that, it is not only the journalist who influences the news they write, as all other people are involved..This can also be reiterated by Shoemaker 1996: 112 â€Å"objectivity, although a cornerstone of journalist ideology, is rooted in practical organisational requirements. In this sense, objectivity is less a core belief of journalist t han a set of procedures to which journalist willingly conform in other to protect themselves from attack†. Consequently, this shows that the organisations also have an influence on the new. With the organisation involved there would be less chance of the company endangering their integrity and shame on their organizational image. Both of these sources show that the firm in which these journalists work for, has an influence on the type of news they produce in the sense that they always have a say. This is done so as to protect their image. Thus a set of gu are provided for the journalist to follow, so that they do not drift off the organisations rules and regulation about reporting news. This therefore means that journalists have no choice but to follow the set guidelines or they lose their job. According to Michael Schudson (1978) cited in shoemaker 1996: 112 â€Å"notes that at the turn of the century, newspapers in competing for circulation, tried to conform to the publics standards of truth, decency, and good taste. Reporters believed they had to be lively and entertaining while factual at the same time. Indeed, editors and reporters were pre-occupied with facts to avoid public criticism and embarrassment for the newspaper†. This could be said to be spin and twisting, for the fact that journalist thought that they had to be entertaining and lively. The idea of being entertaining would mean that they are trying to reach audiences they never actually reached out to. This can also be related to the idea that objectivity in the news is not an objective idea, for the fact that the news would most probably be shortened thus audiences would not get the full picture. This could be illustrated by Shoemaker who argued that â€Å"the objectivity routine also leads to omitt ing seemingly harmless information† (Shoemaker 1996: 113). Consequently, it means that audiences are not receiving the whole story of an event. The thought that journalist are omitting some of the information may be good, in the sense that the public would get an idea and grasp a bit about a complicated story about events in society. As illustrated in Bennets Book in a case study, â€Å"news stories often oversimplify larger and more complex realities. In many ways it is goodHowever, the news may radically simplify realities to the point of distortion or omission of important information for various reasons†(Bennett 2007: 211)† This therefore suggests that objectivity in the news could be omitted for good reason; however, it should not necessarily be said to be a strategic ritual, because it is being done for a good cause. However on the other hand, it can be argued that objectivity in the news is strategic ritual in the sense that important information would be h idden an omitted from the public thus making the public naÃÆ' ¯ve to events happening in society. It can also be argued otherwise that objectivity in the news is not a strategic ritual on the fact that journalist right from the start have the obligation to report the truth and try as much as possible to be objective so as to avoid libel suits but for the fact that they have deadlines to reach. This means they would actually be time conscious. Thus having less spare time to check over their report therefore it might be difficult to have totally objective news as illustrated by Tuchman 1972 â€Å"unlike social scientists, newsmen have a limited repertoire with which to define and defend their objectivity. He must make immediate decisions concerning validity, reliability, and â€Å"truth† in other to meet the problems imposed by the nature of his taskthe newsmen need some working notion of objectivity to minimize the risk imposed by deadline, libel suits, and superiors reprimands† (Tuchman 1972: 662) â€Å"Objectivity is defined as a matter of intent, it includes the freedom to disregard the implications of the news. Indeed, objectivity could not long exist without this freedom, for the moment journalists are required to consider the effects of news on sources and others they would have to begin assessing their own intent and to relinquish their detachment, especially if they wanted to prevent injury to someone (Gans, 1979: 188). Overall, it can be argued from a perspective that objectivity in the news is a strategic ritual, down to the idea that organisations train their potential journalist and give them guidelines on how to report news in an objective manner without being biased. This is done so as to protect the organisations integrity and the journalist status. Thus, it would help them avoid libel suits. This could be illustrated by Tuchman 1972: 678 who concluded that â€Å"objectivity used defensively as a strategic ritual. Objectivity refers to routine procedures which may be exemplified as formal attributes and to protect the professional from mistakes and from his critics†. And for the fact that journalist have to follow these set guidelines means objectivity in the news is a strategic ritual, as it means that these journalist have no choice, thus they cannot go against it as they would most probably lose their job Furthermore, if journalists do not provide objective news as they could, then the public would most probably not think journalism is a serious and professional job. Thus no one would see them as trustworthy. Thus it is their duty to provide the public with objective news. This can then be said that objectivity in the news is not a strategic ritual, as they have no choice but to provide non biased news so as to inform the public. Bibliography Bennet, W. L. (2007) News: The Politics of Illusion, New York: Longman, Pearson Cohen, S. Young, J. ( ) The Manufacture of News, London: Macmillan. Dahlgren, P. Sparks, C. (1992) Journalism and Popular Culture: London, SAGE Publications. Galtung, J. Ruge, M. (1981) ‘Structuring and Selecting News, in S. Cohen J. Young (eds) The Manufacture of News, London: Macmillan Gans, H. (1979) Deciding whats News. A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nigthly News, Newsweek and Time. New York: Random House Harcup, T. (2009) Journalism: Principles and Practice. London, SAGE Publications Kuklinski, J. H. Sigelman, L. (1992) ‘When Objectivity is not objective: Network T.V News Coverage of US Senators and the â€Å"Paradox of Objectivity† in Journal of Politics, 54 (3) Shoemaker, P. Reese, S. (1996) Mediating The message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content. (2nd ed.), London: Longman. Schudson, M. (2003) The Sociology of News. New York: United States of America. Tuchman, G. (1972) Objectivity as Strategic Ritual: An examination of Newsmens notion of Objectivity in American Journal of Sociology, 77: 660-67